A barrier worn on a penis or compatible object, available in latex and non-latex materials.
Back to the glossarySexual health
Condoms and barriers
Products used to reduce contact with bodily fluids or skin and lower the likelihood of some infections and/or pregnancy. Protection depends on material, fit, correct use and the exposure involved.
Sexual health
In brief
Match the barrier, material and lubricant to the purpose.
External condoms, internal condoms and other barriers work by reducing particular contact. They do not offer identical coverage or protection for every infection. Choosing the correct product, lubricant and size improves comfort and reduces breakage; using two condoms together increases friction rather than safety.
A barrier placed internally before sex, with product-specific instructions.
A sheet barrier used to reduce contact during some oral sexual activities.
A hand barrier useful in selected circumstances, with material and allergy considerations.
Correct use
Check the expiry date and package, open carefully and use a new barrier for each appropriate activity or partner. Follow the manufacturer's directions rather than improvising with untested materials.
Do not use two external condoms together or combine internal and external condoms; friction can increase failure.
Material and lubricant
Oil-based products damage latex and polyisoprene condoms. NHS guidance recommends water- or silicone-based lubricant with latex; non-latex products require their own package instructions.
Allergy or sensitivity may require a non-latex option. Fragrance, additives and topical medicines can also affect comfort or compatibility.
What barriers can and cannot do
Condoms reduce HIV, many STI and pregnancy risks when used correctly, but protection varies for infections spread through uncovered skin. No barrier promises zero risk in every context.
Contraception and STI prevention remain separate questions. Internal and external condoms are contraceptive options; other barriers generally are not.
If something fails
If a condom breaks, slips or was used with an incompatible product, stop and replace it. Depending on circumstances, seek timely advice about emergency contraception, PEP, STI testing or hepatitis prevention.
Do not wash internally or use harsh chemicals in an attempt to prevent infection. A clinic can assess actual next steps.
Non-graphic examples
What the umbrella may include
- Checking the package expiry and material.
- Using water-based lubricant with a latex condom.
- Choosing a non-latex condom for latex sensitivity.
- Changing barriers between partners or body sites as appropriate.
- Seeking urgent PEP advice after a relevant condom failure.
Reviewed 30 August 2026
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